- Major progress
- More scaling challenges
According to a recent social media post by Etherscan, the Ethereum network processed a record-breaking 1.91 million transactions on Layer 1 (L1) in a single day. At the same time, the fees are incredibly low at $0.16.
This shows that the network can now handle massive traffic without pricing out normal users.
Major progress
This combination of high throughput and low costs is the direct result of two major network upgrades executed in 2025: Pectra and Fusaka.
Fusaka, which went live earlier in the month, is the most immediate cause of the record was the upgrade. This upgrade directly expanded the capacity of the Ethereum L1 blockchain.
The upgrade has managed to increase the size of each block by roughly 33%. This allowed the L1 network to fit significantly more transactions into every block.
Previously, all nodes had to download all data, which created a bottleneck. PeerDAS, a new feature introduced in Fusaka, has made it possible for nodes to verify data “blobs”, large chunks of transaction data, by sampling just tiny parts of them. Blobs, which were introduced in an earlier update called Dencun but expanded here, are like sidecars attached to the main block. They carry data cheaply and don’t compete with standard transactions.
The Pectra upgrade, which took place in May, laid the groundwork for scaling by optimizing how Layer 2 networks of the likes of Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base interact with the main chain.
Pectra doubled the number of these “sidecars” from 3 to 6 per block. Because there was suddenly double the supply of space for Layer 2 data, the cost for L2s to “settle” on Ethereum dropped. This kept the overall network uncongested.
More scaling challenges
Ethereum scaling is still not “finished” despite the massive success of the 2025 upgrades.
The Ethereum ecosystem is still fractured. Users tend to find it challenging to use L2 funds without complicated bridges. Hence, the fragmentation remains a major issue
The database of all accounts, balances, and smart contracts (the “State”) grows larger and larger. Eventually, the State becomes terabytes or petabytes in size. If it gets too big, a normal person can’t buy a hard drive big enough to run a node.
Disclaimer: The information on this page may come from third parties and does not represent the views or opinions of Gate. The content displayed on this page is for reference only and does not constitute any financial, investment, or legal advice. Gate does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information and shall not be liable for any losses arising from the use of this information. Virtual asset investments carry high risks and are subject to significant price volatility. You may lose all of your invested principal. Please fully understand the relevant risks and make prudent decisions based on your own financial situation and risk tolerance. For details, please refer to
Disclaimer.
Related Articles
Ethereum spot ETF saw a net inflow of $9.4404 million yesterday, with BlackRock’s ETHB recording a daily inflow of $5.7776 million
On April 13, Ethereum spot ETF net inflows reached $9.4404 million, rising for three consecutive days. Among them, the BlackRock Staked ETH ETF had the largest net inflow, at $5.7776 million, bringing its historical total net inflows to $383 million. At the same time, Grayscale’s Ethereum mini trust ETF also performed well, with net inflows of $5.1508 million. Overall, Ethereum spot ETFs’ net assets were $12.98B.
GateNews1h ago
Bitmine Upgrades to the NYSE Main Board! Tom Lee: US stocks may have bottomed out, and selling pressure on Ether could ease
Bitmine has officially moved from the New York Stock Exchange U.S. board to the main board, marking a major milestone for the company. Despite a sharp drop in the stock price, it has still increased the share repurchase plan to $4.0 billion. The company holds a large amount of Ethereum, and expects that a rebound in the crypto market will help strengthen its assets and stock price performance.
CryptoCity1h ago
Bitmine added more than 70k ETH this week, with its holdings surpassing the 4% threshold of the circulating supply.
Ethereum Treasury Company Bitmine recently increased its holdings by 71,524 ETH, bringing its total position to about 4.87 million ETH, nearing its 5% target. Despite having $6.0 billion in paper losses, Bitmine still has $11.8 billion in total assets, and defines ETH as a “wartime value storage method.” This move reflects its confidence in Ethereum’s long-term value.
MarketWhisper2h ago
