What is Blockchain Layer 1 and which projects should you invest in for 2024-2025?

Layer 1 blockchain are independent mainnet platforms capable of processing and finalizing all transactions without relying on other networks. Each Layer 1 blockchain has its own native token used to pay transaction fees and provides infrastructure for applications, protocols, and Layer 2 solutions built on top. Understanding Layer 1 blockchains helps you identify platforms with growth potential in the future.

What is Layer 1 blockchain in the crypto ecosystem?

Layer 1 blockchain serves as the “backbone” of the entire cryptocurrency ecosystem. Unlike secondary layers like Layer 2, Layer 1 blockchains must independently address security, decentralization, and transaction processing requirements. These platforms often have to balance three factors: speed, security, and decentralization (known as the blockchain trilemma).

Today’s blockchain technology has evolved from the first generation (Bitcoin, Ethereum) to newer generations with many improvements. New Layer 1 blockchains aim to overcome limitations of early platforms, such as slow processing speeds and high transaction fees.

Comparing performance among different Layer 1 blockchains

To understand the strength of various Layer 1 blockchains, it’s important to compare TPS (transactions per second), a key performance metric.

Bitcoin – The pioneering Layer 1 blockchain:

• Each block contains about 1,700 transactions, mined every 10 minutes (600 seconds)
• Average TPS: 1,700 ÷ 600 ≈ 2.83 transactions/sec
• Max TPS: 2,500 ÷ 600 ≈ 4.17 transactions/sec
• Advantages: High security, maximum decentralization
• Limitations: Very slow processing speed

Ethereum – The second Layer 1 blockchain:

• Blocks created every 13 seconds
• Block gas limit: 30 million (aiming for 15 million)
• Minimum gas per transaction: 21,000
• Theoretical max TPS: 30,000,000 ÷ 21,000 ≈ 1,428 transactions/sec
• Actual TPS: ~11.8 transactions/sec (due to smart contract gas consumption)
• Advantages: Rich ecosystem, high compatibility
• Limitations: Variable gas fees, average speed

Solana – Next-generation Layer 1 blockchain:

• TPS: 110,000 transactions/sec
• Significantly faster than Bitcoin and Ethereum
• Achieves high performance through parallel architecture

Aptos – Layer 1 blockchain using Move language:

• TPS: 160,000 transactions/sec
• Currently the fastest among existing Layer 1 blockchains

Sei – Layer 1 blockchain specialized for DeFi:

• Optimized for DeFi transactions and high-frequency applications

The gap between old and new Layer 1 blockchains is huge—from a few transactions/sec to hundreds of thousands—showing significant technological progress.

Notable Layer 1 blockchain projects in 2024-2025

According to the market, the most prominent Layer 1 blockchains today include:

Aptos (APT) – Current price: $1.00 (as of 12/03/2026)

• A powerful Layer 1 project with 160,000 TPS
• Uses Move language — a safe language for smart contracts
• Promises significant growth this cycle

Sui (SUI) – Current price: $0.98 (as of 12/03/2026)

• Focuses on user experience
• Low transaction fees, fast processing
• Partnered with major dApps

Sei (SEI) – Current price: $0.06 (as of 12/03/2026)

• Specialized for DeFi and trading chains
• Strong growth potential in the DeFi market

Compared to traditional Layer 1s:

• Bitcoin (BTC): $70.13K (as of 12/03/2026)
• Ethereum (ETH): $2.06K (as of 12/03/2026)

Why invest in Layer 1 blockchains?

Investing in Layer 1 blockchains offers safety combined with high growth potential. Main reasons include:

1. High fundamental value: Layer 1 blockchains are foundational infrastructure providing services for the entire ecosystem. Like investing in real estate, you own a part of the network.

2. Price appreciation potential: During bull markets, newer Layer 1 projects with better technology often see significant price increases. Projects like Aptos, Sui, and Sei have demonstrated this potential.

3. Relatively lower risk: Compared to speculative altcoins, Layer 1 blockchains are considered “blue chips” of the crypto market. They have solid technology bases and large communities.

4. Continuous development: Layer 1 blockchains constantly update technology, increase speed, and reduce costs, creating long-term upward momentum.

However, note that investing in Layer 1 blockchains still involves market risks. It’s advisable to plan investments carefully, manage risks well, and hold long-term to maximize profits from these promising platforms.