Monad unfolds MONAD_NINE: a case of linear function in the EVM architecture

Monad announced a major upgrade to the MONAD_NINE protocol, which will be implemented during the first half of February 2026 simultaneously on the testnet and mainnet. According to Foresight News, this upgrade represents a comprehensive modernization of the network through three strategic enhancements aimed at improving operational efficiency and cost prediction reliability.

Linear Memory Function as the Foundation of the First Transformation

A key element of the upgrade is MIP-3, which introduces a fundamentally new model for calculating memory costs. Instead of the previous quadratic function, which grew exponentially with each added byte, the system switches to a linear function. This means that the maximum memory usage limit per transaction is set at 8 MB with a proportional cost for expansion. Such an architectural change allows developers to more accurately forecast gas costs, significantly simplifying the design of complex decentralized applications and making the network more predictable for users.

Reserve Intrusion and Real-Time Control

The second major improvement, MIP-4 (Reserve Balance Intrusion), introduces a new opcode that enables contracts to perform real-time checks of reserve balance compliance during transaction execution. This feature not only detects potential violations but also allows for adjustments in execution logic or early rollback of operations if necessary. As a result, developers gain greater control over the behavior of their smart contracts in critical situations.

Harmonization with Ethereum through Fusaka Activation

The third component of the upgrade, MIP-5, involves the simultaneous activation of Ethereum Fusaka and all related EIPs (Ethereum Improvement Proposals), including EIP-7823, EIP-7883, and EIP-7939. Synchronization with the Ethereum mainnet ensures a high level of compatibility and makes it easier for developers to port decentralized applications between ecosystems, while simultaneously expanding the functionality of the Monad protocol.

Perspective: Scalability through Engineering Precision

MONAD_NINE demonstrates Monad’s commitment to engineering accuracy and transparency. Transitioning memory to a linear function instead of quadratic, implementing real control over reserve balances, and harmonizing with Ethereum lay the foundation for a more resilient and predictive ecosystem. These steps have the potential to transform developers’ work with blockchain, paving the way for innovative solutions in the decentralized world.