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In December 2025, the US non-farm payrolls data was released, showing an increase of only 50,000 jobs, well below the market expectation of 70,000. This marks the third "miss" in the employment market this year. The data from the previous two months was revised downward by 76,000, bringing the total annual job increase to just 584,000 — the worst performance since the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Interestingly, the unemployment rate actually fell from 4.5% to 4.4%. While this sounds like good news, the underlying logic is quite sobering: mainly due to a decline in the labor force participation rate, meaning some people have simply exited the job search altogether. In other words, the true employment momentum remains quite weak.
Looking at specific industries, healthcare and the hospitality sector are holding up, but retail lost 25,000 jobs. This is a clear signal — consumer demand is cooling. The private sector added an average of 61,000 jobs per month, the weakest since 2003, indicating that companies' willingness to hire is truly declining.
Wages grew by 3.8% year-over-year, outpacing current inflation levels. On the surface, this seems positive, but it masks the awkward situation in the overall job market. The economy now resembles a kind of "jobless prosperity" — companies are slowing hiring while also engaging in structural layoffs. The labor market is rebalancing, which will further deepen the "K-shaped" divergence.
The Federal Reserve has temporarily taken a breather because, despite poor employment data, the unemployment rate has decreased — a mixed signal. The market now expects that the Fed is likely to hold steady in January, but there may still be room for a 50 basis point rate cut this year. For traders, this contradictory data is precisely the source of market volatility and warrants ongoing attention.